How You Can Help Your Child Ace the Sat or Act

An interview with Lauren Gaggioli, Founder of Higher Scores Test Prep 1. When should parents begin discussions with their children about the SATs and ACTs? I love to see parents and students begin to talk about the timing of these tests as early as freshman year. Once students have a sense of the classes they'll take in high school and the seasonality of their sports and activities, tentative plans can be put in place regarding when a student will prepare for and take the SAT or ACT. There are five things you should consider when you're making these decisions: Students test scores are valid for 5 years. There's no need to wait until spring of Junior year to take either exam if your student is ready to take them sooner. Once students are halfway through Algebra 2, they are ready to take the tests. Math is the only subject we're waiting on to give students the green light to take the SAT or ACT. Once your student is enrolled in Algebra 2, it's time to finalize your testing plan and begin to research your prep options. (More on that in a momentï ¿ ½) All students should have scores they're proud of by the end of their junior year. This advice trumps #2. If at all possible, don't wait until senior year to take the tests for the first time. Avoid scheduling the tests in the middle of your student's busiest season. Consider all aspects of your student's life - academics (AP & IB tests and finals), sports, community service, and other activities. By taking the 50,000 ft view starting freshman year, you should be able to avoid overlapping testing and your student's busiest months. Remember to account for prep time as you plan when to take the tests. Don't forget to back up from the test date you decide on to make sure your schedule is free for preparation. If you have to choose between being busy during prep and being busy around the time of the test, opt for the latter. Prep takes more time and energy than testing does. To learn more about how to set up the perfect testing timeline, listen to Episode 42 of The College Checklist Podcast. RELATED: Help your child get into a top school 2. What are the key differences between the two exams? As someone who still regularly takes the SAT & ACT, I can attest first-hand to the fact that this is a slippery question. Many people like to paint with broad strokes when categorizing the tests, but I know from experience that a lot of the rhetoric you'll hear is simply untrue. Here are the facts: ACT: Tests English, Math, Reading, and Science No guessing penalty One minute or less per question More direct wording of questions Math includes all levels up to basic trigonometry Calculators may be used on all math questions It is optional for colleges to require the essay, therefore I recommend students take it every time 2400 (Current) SAT: Tests Reading, Math, and Writing There is a guessing penalty More than one minute per question in most sections Somewhat cryptic wording Math includes all levels up to Algebra 2 Calculators may be used on all math questions Essay is not optional Of course, there's more to these tests, but the reason I keep my answer to the straight facts is that I've heard SAT experts claim there is no difference between the two exams and an ACT representative characterize their test as "content-based" when comparing the ACT to the "reasoning-based" SAT. In reality, neither of these statements is true. There are a lot of myths about these exams so be careful who you're getting your information from and base no decision regarding these exams on secondhand information...even when it is from a professional. (See #3 for clarification.) RELATED: Help! My child is starting college soon and weï ¿ ½re not prepared. 3. How should a student decide which exam to take? About four months before you plan to prepare for the exam, take a full-length practice test of both the SAT and ACT. Space them at least a week apart. Once you're done, compare the score results using an ACT/SAT score comparison chart to see which test is higher than the other. If your student scores significantly higher on one test as compared to the other, have him or her take that exam. If there's no clear distinction between the two scores achieved, talk to your student about which test he or she prefers and why. A student's buy-in is a must and having a choice in which test he or she will take is imperative when it comes to getting great results. You can find free full-length practice tests on the College Board and ACT websites or on my website: 15 Free Test Prep Tools. 4. What can you tell us about the ï ¿ ½newï ¿ ½ SAT? In keeping with the style of comparison from question #2, here's what you need to know. New (1600) SAT: Tests English, Reading, and Math No guessing penalty More than one minute per question in most sections Sections include some academic crossover (e.g. social studies and science measures in reading) Math includes all levels up to basic trigonometry Calculators can be used on only one of two math sections It is optional for colleges to require the essay, therefore I recommend students take it every time I would again caution families to be wary of what they hear when it comes to this exam. Before the world ever saw a full-length practice test from College Board, there were many rumors flying around and, worse, full test prep books being published. In life, as in college admissions testing, be wary of bold claims. If what you're hearing sounds too good to be true, it probably is. You can assess the new test yourself by checking out the official prep tests linked to from my 15 Free Test Prep Tools. RELATED: Get your child Ivy League ready this summer 5. What types and styles of questions do the tests cover? Both the ACT and the 2400 SAT are primarily multiple-choice exams, though the SAT includes a handful of "grid-in" math questions - which are essentially free response questions. (The new SAT will also include such questions.) Both exams test students' critical reading, math, and writing skills. The ACT also includes a Science section, but it is important to note that students who understand scientific method and can interpret charts and graphs have all of the scientific knowledge they need to answer 97% of the questions they will be asked. Incidentally, the science section (insert air quotes around that phrase) is the reason the ACT is often categorized as a content-based exam. But you can't answer an SAT math question with out math knowledge - i.e. math content - which is why I find the typical designations for the two exams to be misleading. 6. What are considered ï ¿ ½goodï ¿ ½ scores? I believe that every student has his or her own best score and that my job is to get them to their personal best - whatever that may be. I've worked with students who were in the 85th percentile who were under-performing their natural abilities. I've worked with students at the 50th percentile who had seen amazing improvement and had worked diligently to climb to that level. The bottom line is that these scores are a means to an end. Students need them to validate their academic achievements in school through a standardized measure for the benefit of the colleges who are comparing thousands of students in a given applicant pool. To get a sense of what scores are good for the colleges you're interested in, look at their website and find their median score for admitted students. (That's usually found on the admissions FAQ page.) Then aim for the top of that range. That's your good score. It's different for everyone! (Did you do that and are disheartened by the scores you need to get into the schools you're researching? Check out the next answer for a new way to look at college search....and financial aid.) RELATED: How to pass the College Affordability Test (CAT) 7. Are there scholarships available for high scores? To be honest, there are scholarships available for nearly every score. You just have to know where to look. There are two ways to leverage scores for cash for every student. 1. Merit-Based Financial Aid: There are two kinds of financial aid - need-based (i.e. your family needs financial assistance to pay for college tuition) and merit-based (i.e. your achievements warrant that you be given free money to attend a given college). Merit-based aid is, in most cases, based on your numerical measures: your GPA and test scores. In a world in where a college's job is to attract "better" students, here's how the merit-aid game shakes out. (Here, I'm using "better" to mean higher scoring. There's obviously much more to a student than his or her scores, but let's roll with the belief that higher scores = better student for a moment.) If you apply to a college with a lower average ACT or SAT score than you have, that school is going to want you to attend because you raise the average admitted student GPA and test scores for that institution. That, in turn, gives the college more perceived prestige. In short, you make the college look good because you - who could've attended a numerically superior college - chose to attend that school instead. Colleges who look good can attract "better" students (students with higher scores) in the following year. From the college's perspective, better scores means larger applicant pools means more tuition dollars. Therefore, colleges will give you - a student with scores above their institution's averages - money to woo you to attend their school. The problem is most students get their scores and aim to go to the school whose averages are just a little higher than their own. In that instance, you're grappling at the heels of school that is looking to attract a "better" student. Flip this on its head by using the strategy I like to call - Aim high. Look down. Do your very best in school. Prepare for and get the highest score you can on the ACT or SAT. Then research schools whose averages are slightly lower than your own. There are many fine institutions that offer stellar educational experiences that will pay you to attend. You just have to look at it from a different angle than most students do. 2. Private Scholarships: I have a friend who works in scholarships and he estimates that 60% of scholarships require an ACT or SAT score for you to even be considered. While a high score is desirable, a score of any percentile is all that's required to be considered. Scholarship applicant pools are often surprisingly small. Many students don't want to do the work it takes to apply, which means other factors - like your essays - can be considered with more care. Don't let your scores keep you from applying for private scholarships. You can find lots of free money in private scholarships. You may wonder - is it worth the effort? Well, most studies say - absolutely because, on average, you'll earn $66 for every hour of time you invest in applying for scholarships. Think you'll find a part-time job that pays that well? Probably not... Want to learn more? Watch this free workshop about turning your test scores into cash for college even if you're not a testing superstar. RELATED: 10 things you need to know about getting scholarships 8. How many times can you take the exams in an effort to improve your score? You can take the test as many times as you like. I still take the SAT and ACT as an adult and, as long as I give the testing companies money, they are happy to let me sit for their exams. Students have a lot on their plate. While they can take the tests over and over and over, at some point we hit the law of diminishing returns. I want students to respect the tests and be relaxed so they can do their best on test day. On the one hand, the tests are important and every effort does matter. On the other hand, I don't want that knowledge to completely stress a student out. We need contingency plans in place so students have more than one opportunity to shine. To that end, I recommend that students never take a test on an official test day without first having taken a practice test at home. It's often an expensive waste of time because, based on that first exam, most students realize they need to improve to get into the colleges they would like to attend. You can find this information out at your kitchen table. Save the registration fee and take a free full-length practice test at home to get your baseline. Once you've got a score, make a solid testing plan. I usually recommend students plan to take the test three times. They should take their first two tests late in their sophomore year or in their junior year. I recommend signing up for back-to-back test dates to be completed immediately on the heels of full test preparation. The first test sets the score floor. The second test is close enough to prep that students remember what they learned, but also gives them license to be a bit more aggressive now that they have their first score in the bag. I also would advise that families keep a third test date in reserve for the fall of senior year. The reason I recommend this is that students sometimes fall in love with a college as they finalize their list after junior year. They may realize they need just a few more points to either be more competitive or to win significant merit aid from that school. Knowing that this is a possibility and having the date saved on the calendar can help students stay focused well into senior year. 9. When should a student seek test preparation help? Good test prep programs take time to find and then take time to complete. You'll want to use your first test date as the anchor and start to research your options four to five months ahead of that date. 10. What type of help is available? Oh boy! There are so many options! There's free prep and paid prep; one-to-one tutoring and group learning; independent providers and large prep firms; in-home, in-class, and online. But before you consider the myriad of options, I'd encourage you to bring your student in on the decision-making process because even the most expensive in-home tutoring won't be effective with an unwilling student. Students need to take ownership of this process. Giving them options as to how they prepare is the first step. For instance, I love to talk to students before parents sign up because if my voice sounds like nails on a chalkboard to the student, my course will not work him or her. It has nothing to with their ability or my skills. It's just not a good fit. There must be complete trust between students and their test prep guide - whomever that is and however their material is delivered - but students have to have a voice in the conversation to know whether that trust is there or not. Until it is, keep looking! One other thing I'll advise is that you work with a comprehensive program. In my experience, apps with endless questions, boot camp-style prep, and taking at-home practice tests until your eyes bleed aren't helpful in affecting real score improvement. Rather, they tend to stress students out. Comprehensive prep programs take place over a reasonable span of time (six to 10 weeks) and meet a few times a week so students can become familiar and comfortable with the content of the whole test in a focused, low-stress manner. Your comprehensive prep program should include a few full-length exams - enough to breed confidence, but not so many as to overwhelm or desensitize the student to the full test experience. (Burned out students can't perform to their full potential on test day!) For instance, my eight-week online prep courses provide students a personalized syllabus that guides students through specific curriculum during three meetings per week (seven hours total) that they can schedule on their own time. It includes video tutorials on academic concepts, score-specific strategy sessions, and two full-length practice tests. My online courses also include online office hours with me so students can have their ACT and SAT questions answered by a test prep pro. But my course is just one of many different offerings. There are similarly structured classroom courses and tutors who deliver excellent comprehensive prep in the comfort of your own home. Talk to your student about what they think they need. Use Google to find local and online options, and be sure to research t least four or five different offerings. Talk to the people your student would be working with - tutor, instructor, or online provider - and make the decision that best fits your family's needs. If there's anything teaching these tests has taught me, it's that no student needs exactly the same prep as the next. Do the research. Find the program that resonates with you. Then commit. Test prep only works when your family is all in. RELATED: 11 ways to make the most of your next college visit Lauren Gaggioli is a Number 2 Pencil Nerd. At least, that's what her dad called her in high school because of how much she enjoyed taking tests. After 8 years working as a private SAT & ACT tutor, Lauren founded Higher Scores Test Prep, a family-owned online SAT & ACT prep company. She is also the host of The College Checklist Podcast, a weekly podcast about all things college admissions. An interview with Lauren Gaggioli, Founder of Higher Scores Test Prep 1. When should parents begin discussions with their children about the SATs and ACTs? I love to see parents and students begin to talk about the timing of these tests as early as freshman year. Once students have a sense of the classes they'll take in high school and the seasonality of their sports and activities, tentative plans can be put in place regarding when a student will prepare for and take the SAT or ACT. There are five things you should consider when you're making these decisions: Students test scores are valid for 5 years. There's no need to wait until spring of Junior year to take either exam if your student is ready to take them sooner. Once students are halfway through Algebra 2, they are ready to take the tests. Math is the only subject we're waiting on to give students the green light to take the SAT or ACT. Once your student is enrolled in Algebra 2, it's time to finalize your testing plan and begin to research your prep options. (More on that in a momentï ¿ ½) All students should have scores they're proud of by the end of their junior year. This advice trumps #2. If at all possible, don't wait until senior year to take the tests for the first time. Avoid scheduling the tests in the middle of your student's busiest season. Consider all aspects of your student's life - academics (AP & IB tests and finals), sports, community service, and other activities. By taking the 50,000 ft view starting freshman year, you should be able to avoid overlapping testing and your student's busiest months. Remember to account for prep time as you plan when to take the tests. Don't forget to back up from the test date you decide on to make sure your schedule is free for preparation. If you have to choose between being busy during prep and being busy around the time of the test, opt for the latter. Prep takes more time and energy than testing does. To learn more about how to set up the perfect testing timeline, listen to Episode 42 of The College Checklist Podcast. RELATED: Help your child get into a top school 2. What are the key differences between the two exams? As someone who still regularly takes the SAT & ACT, I can attest first-hand to the fact that this is a slippery question. Many people like to paint with broad strokes when categorizing the tests, but I know from experience that a lot of the rhetoric you'll hear is simply untrue. Here are the facts: ACT: Tests English, Math, Reading, and Science No guessing penalty One minute or less per question More direct wording of questions Math includes all levels up to basic trigonometry Calculators may be used on all math questions It is optional for colleges to require the essay, therefore I recommend students take it every time 2400 (Current) SAT: Tests Reading, Math, and Writing There is a guessing penalty More than one minute per question in most sections Somewhat cryptic wording Math includes all levels up to Algebra 2 Calculators may be used on all math questions Essay is not optional Of course, there's more to these tests, but the reason I keep my answer to the straight facts is that I've heard SAT experts claim there is no difference between the two exams and an ACT representative characterize their test as "content-based" when comparing the ACT to the "reasoning-based" SAT. In reality, neither of these statements is true. There are a lot of myths about these exams so be careful who you're getting your information from and base no decision regarding these exams on secondhand information...even when it is from a professional. (See #3 for clarification.) RELATED: Help! My child is starting college soon and weï ¿ ½re not prepared. 3. How should a student decide which exam to take? About four months before you plan to prepare for the exam, take a full-length practice test of both the SAT and ACT. Space them at least a week apart. Once you're done, compare the score results using an ACT/SAT score comparison chart to see which test is higher than the other. If your student scores significantly higher on one test as compared to the other, have him or her take that exam. If there's no clear distinction between the two scores achieved, talk to your student about which test he or she prefers and why. A student's buy-in is a must and having a choice in which test he or she will take is imperative when it comes to getting great results. You can find free full-length practice tests on the College Board and ACT websites or on my website: 15 Free Test Prep Tools. 4. What can you tell us about the ï ¿ ½newï ¿ ½ SAT? In keeping with the style of comparison from question #2, here's what you need to know. New (1600) SAT: Tests English, Reading, and Math No guessing penalty More than one minute per question in most sections Sections include some academic crossover (e.g. social studies and science measures in reading) Math includes all levels up to basic trigonometry Calculators can be used on only one of two math sections It is optional for colleges to require the essay, therefore I recommend students take it every time I would again caution families to be wary of what they hear when it comes to this exam. Before the world ever saw a full-length practice test from College Board, there were many rumors flying around and, worse, full test prep books being published. In life, as in college admissions testing, be wary of bold claims. If what you're hearing sounds too good to be true, it probably is. You can assess the new test yourself by checking out the official prep tests linked to from my 15 Free Test Prep Tools. RELATED: Get your child Ivy League ready this summer 5. What types and styles of questions do the tests cover? Both the ACT and the 2400 SAT are primarily multiple-choice exams, though the SAT includes a handful of "grid-in" math questions - which are essentially free response questions. (The new SAT will also include such questions.) Both exams test students' critical reading, math, and writing skills. The ACT also includes a Science section, but it is important to note that students who understand scientific method and can interpret charts and graphs have all of the scientific knowledge they need to answer 97% of the questions they will be asked. Incidentally, the science section (insert air quotes around that phrase) is the reason the ACT is often categorized as a content-based exam. But you can't answer an SAT math question with out math knowledge - i.e. math content - which is why I find the typical designations for the two exams to be misleading. 6. What are considered ï ¿ ½goodï ¿ ½ scores? I believe that every student has his or her own best score and that my job is to get them to their personal best - whatever that may be. I've worked with students who were in the 85th percentile who were under-performing their natural abilities. I've worked with students at the 50th percentile who had seen amazing improvement and had worked diligently to climb to that level. The bottom line is that these scores are a means to an end. Students need them to validate their academic achievements in school through a standardized measure for the benefit of the colleges who are comparing thousands of students in a given applicant pool. To get a sense of what scores are good for the colleges you're interested in, look at their website and find their median score for admitted students. (That's usually found on the admissions FAQ page.) Then aim for the top of that range. That's your good score. It's different for everyone! (Did you do that and are disheartened by the scores you need to get into the schools you're researching? Check out the next answer for a new way to look at college search....and financial aid.) RELATED: How to pass the College Affordability Test (CAT) 7. Are there scholarships available for high scores? To be honest, there are scholarships available for nearly every score. You just have to know where to look. There are two ways to leverage scores for cash for every student. 1. Merit-Based Financial Aid: There are two kinds of financial aid - need-based (i.e. your family needs financial assistance to pay for college tuition) and merit-based (i.e. your achievements warrant that you be given free money to attend a given college). Merit-based aid is, in most cases, based on your numerical measures: your GPA and test scores. In a world in where a college's job is to attract "better" students, here's how the merit-aid game shakes out. (Here, I'm using "better" to mean higher scoring. There's obviously much more to a student than his or her scores, but let's roll with the belief that higher scores = better student for a moment.) If you apply to a college with a lower average ACT or SAT score than you have, that school is going to want you to attend because you raise the average admitted student GPA and test scores for that institution. That, in turn, gives the college more perceived prestige. In short, you make the college look good because you - who could've attended a numerically superior college - chose to attend that school instead. Colleges who look good can attract "better" students (students with higher scores) in the following year. From the college's perspective, better scores means larger applicant pools means more tuition dollars. Therefore, colleges will give you - a student with scores above their institution's averages - money to woo you to attend their school. The problem is most students get their scores and aim to go to the school whose averages are just a little higher than their own. In that instance, you're grappling at the heels of school that is looking to attract a "better" student. Flip this on its head by using the strategy I like to call - Aim high. Look down. Do your very best in school. Prepare for and get the highest score you can on the ACT or SAT. Then research schools whose averages are slightly lower than your own. There are many fine institutions that offer stellar educational experiences that will pay you to attend. You just have to look at it from a different angle than most students do. 2. Private Scholarships: I have a friend who works in scholarships and he estimates that 60% of scholarships require an ACT or SAT score for you to even be considered. While a high score is desirable, a score of any percentile is all that's required to be considered. Scholarship applicant pools are often surprisingly small. Many students don't want to do the work it takes to apply, which means other factors - like your essays - can be considered with more care. Don't let your scores keep you from applying for private scholarships. You can find lots of free money in private scholarships. You may wonder - is it worth the effort? Well, most studies say - absolutely because, on average, you'll earn $66 for every hour of time you invest in applying for scholarships. Think you'll find a part-time job that pays that well? Probably not... Want to learn more? Watch this free workshop about turning your test scores into cash for college even if you're not a testing superstar. RELATED: 10 things you need to know about getting scholarships 8. How many times can you take the exams in an effort to improve your score? You can take the test as many times as you like. I still take the SAT and ACT as an adult and, as long as I give the testing companies money, they are happy to let me sit for their exams. Students have a lot on their plate. While they can take the tests over and over and over, at some point we hit the law of diminishing returns. I want students to respect the tests and be relaxed so they can do their best on test day. On the one hand, the tests are important and every effort does matter. On the other hand, I don't want that knowledge to completely stress a student out. We need contingency plans in place so students have more than one opportunity to shine. To that end, I recommend that students never take a test on an official test day without first having taken a practice test at home. It's often an expensive waste of time because, based on that first exam, most students realize they need to improve to get into the colleges they would like to attend. You can find this information out at your kitchen table. Save the registration fee and take a free full-length practice test at home to get your baseline. Once you've got a score, make a solid testing plan. I usually recommend students plan to take the test three times. They should take their first two tests late in their sophomore year or in their junior year. I recommend signing up for back-to-back test dates to be completed immediately on the heels of full test preparation. The first test sets the score floor. The second test is close enough to prep that students remember what they learned, but also gives them license to be a bit more aggressive now that they have their first score in the bag. I also would advise that families keep a third test date in reserve for the fall of senior year. The reason I recommend this is that students sometimes fall in love with a college as they finalize their list after junior year. They may realize they need just a few more points to either be more competitive or to win significant merit aid from that school. Knowing that this is a possibility and having the date saved on the calendar can help students stay focused well into senior year. 9. When should a student seek test preparation help? Good test prep programs take time to find and then take time to complete. You'll want to use your first test date as the anchor and start to research your options four to five months ahead of that date. 10. What type of help is available? Oh boy! There are so many options! There's free prep and paid prep; one-to-one tutoring and group learning; independent providers and large prep firms; in-home, in-class, and online. But before you consider the myriad of options, I'd encourage you to bring your student in on the decision-making process because even the most expensive in-home tutoring won't be effective with an unwilling student. Students need to take ownership of this process. Giving them options as to how they prepare is the first step. For instance, I love to talk to students before parents sign up because if my voice sounds like nails on a chalkboard to the student, my course will not work him or her. It has nothing to with their ability or my skills. It's just not a good fit. There must be complete trust between students and their test prep guide - whomever that is and however their material is delivered - but students have to have a voice in the conversation to know whether that trust is there or not. Until it is, keep looking! One other thing I'll advise is that you work with a comprehensive program. In my experience, apps with endless questions, boot camp-style prep, and taking at-home practice tests until your eyes bleed aren't helpful in affecting real score improvement. Rather, they tend to stress students out. Comprehensive prep programs take place over a reasonable span of time (six to 10 weeks) and meet a few times a week so students can become familiar and comfortable with the content of the whole test in a focused, low-stress manner. Your comprehensive prep program should include a few full-length exams - enough to breed confidence, but not so many as to overwhelm or desensitize the student to the full test experience. (Burned out students can't perform to their full potential on test day!) For instance, my eight-week online prep courses provide students a personalized syllabus that guides students through specific curriculum during three meetings per week (seven hours total) that they can schedule on their own time. It includes video tutorials on academic concepts, score-specific strategy sessions, and two full-length practice tests. My online courses also include online office hours with me so students can have their ACT and SAT questions answered by a test prep pro. But my course is just one of many different offerings. There are similarly structured classroom courses and tutors who deliver excellent comprehensive prep in the comfort of your own home. Talk to your student about what they think they need. Use Google to find local and online options, and be sure to research t least four or five different offerings. Talk to the people your student would be working with - tutor, instructor, or online provider - and make the decision that best fits your family's needs. If there's anything teaching these tests has taught me, it's that no student needs exactly the same prep as the next. Do the research. Find the program that resonates with you. Then commit. Test prep only works when your family is all in. RELATED: 11 ways to make the most of your next college visit Lauren Gaggioli is a Number 2 Pencil Nerd. At least, that's what her dad called her in high school because of how much she enjoyed taking tests. After 8 years working as a private SAT & ACT tutor, Lauren founded Higher Scores Test Prep, a family-owned online SAT & ACT prep company. She is also the host of The College Checklist Podcast, a weekly podcast about all things college admissions.

Sociological and Psychological Theories of Crime Causation

Sociological and Psychological Theories of Crime Causation The aim of this essay is to compare, contrast and evaluate two sociological theories of crime causation and two psychological theories of crime causation. Sociological Theories of crime, Labelling and Structural Functionalism/ Strain. Howard Becker is a sociologist that is often credited with the development of the labelling theory. However the origins of this theory can be traced back to sociologists at the beginning of the twentieth century who made invaluable contributions to the creation of the â€Å"labelling† concept. The first was Charles Cooley who wrote â€Å"Human Nature and the Social Order† in 1902, in which he introduced the term the â€Å"looking glass self†. This idea suggests†¦show more content†¦The structural functionalism/strain theory is similar to the labelling theory in the sense that it focuses on the influence society has on crime. However unlike labelling, it is the wider structures of society that are cause for concern. Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist credited with developing the functionalist theory. He believed that society should be viewed as a structure with each person playing a role, creating, to some extent a â€Å"functional† society. He also stated that society is held together through mutual acceptance of various norms and values. Durkheim published â€Å"Suicide† in 1897, which as the title suggests is centred round suicide and the patterns of suicide within society, a subject which at the time was seen as taboo. He believed that sociological influences were contributing factors of suicide, although the act itself is considered by society to be, one of individual choice. Durkheim also suggested that â€Å"anomie† played a pivotal role in suicide. Crime was seen by Durkheim as inevitable, he argued that a constant level of crime can be functional and only becomes harmful to society when crime rates are abnormally high or low. According to Durkheim the purpose of punishment is not to eliminate crime completely but rather to maintain the norms and values of the majority, in order to keep a relative amount of â€Å"social order†. Robert Merton developed some of Durkheim’s ideas, arguing that devianceShow MoreRelatedThe Theories Of Crime Causation1076 Words   |  5 Pages This paper will examine the three main theories of crime causation which comprise the Criminological Theory as well as provide some examples of each. The three main theories of crime causation are biological, sociological and psychological. Each of the three theories have come a long way since their inception and continue to be updated due to new findings through technological and medical advances. It also must be noted that these are theories and due to various factors and drawbacks to eachRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime Causation871 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the important goals to criminology is to create valid and accurate theories of crime causation. A theory could be defined as a statement that explains why a certain circumstance does not happen. A valid theory should always have the ability to predict future occurrences of the circumstance in question and also have the ability to be tested (Siegel, 2013). Even though there was talk on the code of law and how crime should be handled from years ago, according to Siegel, the science of criminologyRead MorePsychological and Sociological Theories of Domestic Violence Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a crime that occurs regularly within the United States. It claims millions of victims each year. There is not a specific cause to establish why domestic violence occurs. However, it has been documented that domestic violence is a product of physical, emotional, sexual, psychological, and any other forms of torture or torment that the particular abuser wishes to employ to gain control or power over their victims (Gosselin, 2005). Due to the complexity of this crime, many criminologistsRead MoreThe Biological Theory Of Crime Causation1082 Words   |  5 PagesCrime causation is a complex and daunting field. For centuries, philosophers have pondered the meaning of the concept of cause as it pertains to human behavior. Examining why people commit crime is very important in the ongoing debate of how crime should be handled and prevented. A few of the theories that have emerged and continue to be explored are biological, sociological and psychological theories. While individually and in combination, these theories of crime causation affect human behaviorRead MoreDeterrence Theory Of The Criminal Justice System2120 Words   |  9 PagesUnit 2 DB1 Deterrence Theory Deterrence theory has many ideas as to what constitute deterrence. Some researchers think that it is the main purposes of our criminal justice system. They do agree that it is the main goal when it comes down to discouraging society from committing criminal deeds. Because, of fear of punishment for committing a crime. Some researcher would have you believe that the most powerful deterrent we have is our criminal justice system, because they are the ones that will makeRead MoreTheories of Crime Causation: Trait Theory and Rational Choice Theory1377 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Theories of Crime Causation: Trait Theory and Rational Choice Theory Introduction Theories of crime causation get to the fundamental characteristics of human nature. Theories of crime causation can be separated into trait theories and choice theories. Both types of theories make valid points about the causes of crime, yet they are have different implications for preventing the causes of crime. Thesis: Trait theories and choice theories both assume that humans are self-interested, but their conceptionsRead MoreEssay on Theories of Causation of Crime and Its Solution 1250 Words   |  5 Pageshistory of criminal theory, spiritual and natural theories are taken as major theories of causation of crime. During medieval period, spiritual explanations were taken as punishment given by god for doing wrong things and any natural disasters like flood, fires, etc were evaluated as curse of high power. In modern period, the basic theories of causation of crime are classical theory, biological theory, psychological theory, cultural theory and conflict theory. The classical th eory explains that freeRead MoreWhy do individuals commit crimes?1381 Words   |  6 PagesTHEORIES OF CRIME Uka 5 THEORIES OF CRIME Uka 6 Can I Have Some Theory With That Crime? Why do individuals commit crimes? Society today is very well concerned with this matter. In todays time, there are psychologists, criminologists, biologists, and sociologists searching for an answer. In reality, the answer to this question is very hard to find out. However, for centuries, researchers of all kinds have been persistent in analyzing criminals for an answer. The scholarly attention to crime fromRead MoreKey Elements For Commit Fraud1673 Words   |  7 PagesA Practical Guide n.d.) Theories of Crime Causations There are three theories of crime causations: (1) the strain theory, (2) the control theory, and (3) the social learning theory. However, there are also biological causation of crimes which are further broken down into psychological, economic, and political theories. Understanding the sociological causes of why fraud is committed helps fraud investigators identify perpetrators and the crime. Sociological theories enable fraud investigatorsRead MorePsychological And Social Process Theory Essay2013 Words   |  9 PagesThere are many theories that attempt to explain the cause of crime. Two theories for the cause of crime are the Psychological and Social Process Theory. According to Schmalleger (2015), psychological theorist believe â€Å"crime is the result of inappropriate behavioral conditioning or a diseased mind† (p. 78). Social Process Theory claims â€Å"crime results from failure of self-direction, from inadequate social roles, or from associating with others who are already criminals† (Schmalleger, 2015, p. 103)

Models of Disability - 941 Words

Models of Disability Disability is a human reality that has been perceived differently by diverse cultures and historical periods. For most of the 20th century, disability was defined according to a medical model. In the medical model, disability is assumed to be a way to characterize a particular set of largely static, functional limitations. This led to stereotyping and defining people by condition or limitations. World Health Organization (WHO) – New definition of Disability In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) established a new definition of disability, declaring it an umbrella term with several components: * impairments: a problem in body function or structure * activity limitations: a difficulty encountered by a†¦show more content†¦The Medical Model Under the Medical Model, disabled people are defined by their illness or medical condition. The Medical Model regards disability as an individual problem. It promotes the view of a disabled person as dependent and needing to be cured or cared for, and justifies the way in which disabled people have been systematically excluded from society. The disabled person is the problem, not society. Control resides firmly with professionals; choices for the individual are limited to the options provided and approved by the helping expert. The Medical Model is best summarised by referring to the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps developed by the World Health Organisation in 1980. The classification makes the following distinctions: Impairment is ‘any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function’. Disability is ‘any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being’. Diagram of Medical Model The Medical Model focuses on what a person can’t do: Impairment | Disability | A wheelchair user | cannot climb the stairs or walk to the shops | A partially sighted person | cannot readShow MoreRelatedThe Medical Model Of Disability1551 Words   |  7 Pages The medical model of disability has done a great disservice to people with disabilities in American society. It has helped shape and continues to perpetuate a belief system that people with disabilities are weak, dependent, and incapable of performing like â€Å"normal† people. This paper examines how the medical model influences society’s perceptions of disability through the use of language and the media which cause people with disabilities to be marginalized and experience inequalities. Under theRead MoreThe Medical Model Of Disability1533 Words   |  7 PagesThe medical model focuses more on the problem and not the person, so the problem would be things such as the disabilities and impairments rather than the needs of the person. The medical model thinks the way to solve the disability would be through things such as surgery, physio etc. If people who follow the medical model think that that a medical cure is not possible then they could exclude someone with a disability from a normal day to day activities or they could be shut way from society in aRead MoreThe Medical Model Of Disability952 Words   |  4 PagesDisability means something entirely different depending on the people you ask. Ask a person who does not have a disability and they may give you a view that is based on the medical model of disability. Ask a person that is disabled and they may give you a view that is based on the social model of disability. While both views of what disability means hav e their merits, not one interpretation is universally accepted. I believe the truth lies somewhere in the middle. At the intersection of the medicalRead MoreThe Various Models Of Disability Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesreview the literature on the various models of disability and apply these to describe the challenges that a young girl, Susan is likely to encounter in South Africa. Susan was born with Spina Bifida and is wheelchair bound. Secondly I will aim to link these applications to my thoughts, feelings and behaviors on disability as well as the impact therof in terms of my development as an integrated health professional. The literature applied to the scenario Disability can be defined in various ways, dependingRead MoreSocial Model of Disability1716 Words   |  7 Pagestreatment and delivery and the differences between the social and medical model will address how the individual is treated in relation to health care. Key issues surrounding a work place or educational environment and generally the discrimination they face from different aspects within society will be discussed from a critical perspective. The introduction of relevant government legislation, in particular the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and the new Act in 2005 will show what measures haveRead MoreLabelling And Models Of Disability3697 Words   |  15 Pagesservice user with a disability, the belief system is likely to influence how you view the person. The individual can be perceived as a cheat of the system or as a victim of structural oppression in the society. There are issues when it comes to defining disability however this essay will focus on two important aspect labelling and models of disability. Labelling disability has been within the practice of schools and medical institutions for years. In the past people with disability have been describedRead MoreThe Issue Of Models On Disability2886 Words   |  12 PagesThe key aspect discussed on the concerns about models on disability, which shows that there has been a interest on the promotion of inclusion through sport ( Thomas and smith, 2009). It is stated that inclusive sport not only benefits physical, health, psychological and cognitive factors but also offers a variety of other benefits. These additional benefits consists of opportunities to develop friendships with peers with or without disabilities, opportunities to develop social skills in order toRead MoreThe Social Model Of Disability1795 Words   |  8 Pagesdemonstrates the â€Å"Disability drift and the disability hierar chy† myth, it effectively shows how people with disabilities can live their lives the same way as able bodied people and have the same opportunities to achieve their goals. The writers accomplish this by focusing heavily on the social model of disability, which highlights the idea that â€Å"disability is caused by the way society is organized, rather than by a person’s impairment or difference† (Scope par. 1). Viewing disabilities from this perspectiveRead MoreSocial Medical Model Disability1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe social and medical model of disability There are a number of ‘models’ of disability which have been defined over the last few years. The two most frequently mentioned are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models of disability. The medical model of disability views disability as a ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. It is not seen as an issue to concern anyone other than the individual affected. For example, if a wheelchair using student is unable to get into a building becauseRead MoreContrasting models of disability Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesI feel reflect some of the contrasting models of disability which we have looked at in Units 1-4 of the course materials (E214, The Open University, 2010). The first resource comes from the National Autistic Society’s website and the second comes from the national newspaper The Guardian. The first resource (Appendix A) is an information page entitled ‘What is Asperger Syndrome’ and particularly focusses on the medical/deficit model of disability, a model which involves identifying symptoms, diagnosing

Personal Ethics Statement Essay - 599 Words

Personal code of ethics Guido describes ethics as â€Å"a process of determining right conduct from wrong† (para 2, p. 3). My personal view of ethics is along the same lines as this and has been instilled in me my entire life. My code of ethics includes respect for myself and others; honesty in my endeavors, graciousness in both my personal and professional lives, and accountable for my actions. I use nonmaleficence and beneficence in every aspect of my life. I also strive to honor the proverbial do unto others as they would do unto me. Character and values that have a positive impact After reviewing my personal ethical code, how is this part of my professional ethics code? According to America Nurses Association (2001), the nursing†¦show more content†¦Another way of looking at this is that I will be non-biased and culturally competent to deal with any situation that I may face as a nurse. Behaviors and traits to develop further A weakness that may come from working as a nurse for so long is to become unbalanced, hardened, or impersonal in my personal views because of negative experiences that I may experience as a nurse. Examples of this would be when we work shorthanded or a favorite patient dies. I want to remain an individual nurse with my own individual thoughts and feelings for my patients and his or her individual situation. I do not want to treat everyone the same. I want to remain positive and enthusiastic and not allow experiences with personal or professional practices to take away from the rewards of my job as a nurse. Conclusion It is important for me to continue to have respect for myself, my coworkers, but most of all, respect for my patients in my chosen profession. I must treat them with honestly and in turn, they will do the same. My patients must know that they can confide in me and count on me at all times. I will honor nonmaleficence and strive to beneficence my patients at all times. By doing this, I will remain accountable to myself, my patients, and to the code ofShow MoreRelatedPersonal Ethic Statement602 Words   |  3 Pagesmy actions are good for the community as a whole. †¢ How do personal ethics play a role in academics? How might they play a role in the workplace? Personal ethics play a role in academics by setting an atmosphere of truthfulness and trust. This help to ensure every decision we make is one that upholds values. They are the decision that make and must continue to lure of the easy way out, by making ourselves better. Personal ethics also play a role in workplace by keeping our work or ideas originalRead MorePersonal Statement For Making A Personal Ethics Statement2296 Words   |  10 PagesIn order to develop a personal ethics statement for Simply Special, I need to discover what it is that I want to accomplish within this organization. Through the process of discovering those potential accomplishments, I must be realistic and consider the pros and cons. As I have learned it takes dedication, determination, and will to reach ethical goals and statements for Simply Special to succeed. In addition to taking pride for our work, we want to stand behind our productions with enthusiasm,Read MorePersonal Statement : Ethics And Ethics9 31 Words   |  4 Pagesasked to reflect on what ethics means to me. Not only in my personal life but also in a work setting, and in our society. During our reflection I am asked to give multiple personal examples to support my meaning of ethics. Lastly I will connect the three questions together with a conclusion that I hope will help a reader understand the subject of ethics. Personal: Ethics to me is a value system that each individual upholds due to their own conscience. I believe ethics can be different for eachRead MorePersonal Statement On Personal Ethic1496 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Ethic Throughout my life so far I have been influenced by many people and events which has made me into what I am today. Retrieving information from past events that I have experienced will give insight into what I personally value and how I make decisions whether it is an ethical dilemma or not. I wouldn’t say that all my decisions were based on good moral qualities, but that is what being human is all about. Learning from past experiences whether they are good or not will make me a betterRead MorePersonal Statement On Ethics And Ethics1395 Words   |  6 Pagescurrent personal beliefs and how rationally I now behave when faced with tough decisions. Within this paper, I aim to provide real life examples and everyday situations where I have been confronted with decisions that determine how ethically sound I am. I will explore my perspective on ethics and how vital a role they play in my decision making process. Overall, I hope to demonstrate how ethics has been a factor throughout my personal, career, and societal experiences. Personal: Ethics refersRead MorePersonal Ethics Statement680 Words   |  3 Pagesassignments in a timely manner before any deadlines. There are many events that go on each day, work, school, and other personal duties, and each takes their time. Everything in this scenario comes down to time management, personal responsibility and integrity. In this scenario, I failed my group and myself by making excuses for why I was unable to do my part. I should have taken my personal time, found other resources and completed my part of this assignment so I was not taking credit for the work of othersRead MoreEssay on Personal Ethics Statement717 Words   |  3 PagesRunning head: Personal Ethics Statement Personal Ethics Statement My personal code of ethics is Equality and Sensibility. I believe in a predictable system that assures the well-being of all, especially those without power, is a just system. As a wife, mother, nurse and a member of a community, I strive to do the best I can in every aspect of my life. As a mother, I strive to be a good role model to my children and teach them the fundamentals of life. I strive to be able to give a solidRead MoreEssay Personal Ethics Statement619 Words   |  3 PagesMy Personal Ethics Statement My personal ethics have been formed through family influence, religious beliefs, life experiences, my internal reflection and the culture in which I was raised. Family instilled a strong work ethic in me as a child. My parents never missed a day of work. I was taught that if you want something, you must work for it. According to my ethical lens inventory, this supports my classical value of temperance. I seek to satisfy my duties. My strong desire to succeedRead MoreMy Personal Mission Of Leadership And Ethics Statement Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Mission of Leadership and Ethics Statement Life s a journey of learning experiences. In my journey through life I intend to have thriving carrier serving my country in the Canadian Armed Forces while balancing a healthy life at home. I will make it a life long commitment to grow through active participation in the world around me in order to gain knowledge and skills essential to lead. Therefore empowering me to be the change I wish to see in the world with the aptitude to evaluateRead MorePersonal Statement : Servant Leadership, Ethics, And Entrepreneurship806 Words   |  4 Pagesleadership, ethics, and entrepreneurship. Next, I describe my vision for my career once I have completed the Master of Business Administration with an Emphasis in Health Systems Management degree. In addition, I address the impact that completing this degree will have on meeting the greater social good and within the community. Lastly, I explain how the pillars relate to the Christian mission of Grand Canyon University. Healthcare management that utilizes servant leadership, ethics and entrepreneurship

Use of Character Flaws and Literary Devices to Teach...

Use of Character Flaws and Literary Devices to Teach Morals in Oedipus Rex The Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex is an excellent example of how an author can use literary techniques and personality traits to teach a certain moral or theme. In Oedipus Rex, Sophocles communicates his themes and morals to the reader through the character flaws of Oedipus, a tragic hero. The most prominent character flaw that Oedipus possesses is his excessive arrogance. One way this flaw is displayed is Oedipus repeated use of the pronoun I. In lines sixty seven through eighty alone, Oedipus uses the word I eight times, projecting his haughty personality. I have found one helpful course, and that I have taken: I have sent Creon†¦to Delphi†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦In this quote Oedipus mocks Teiresias because he is unwilling to except Teiresias view of the future. Oedipus is so egotistical and proud that he dares to suggest that he is superior to a high priest of Apollo. Another major character flaw that Oedipus holds is his inability to view a problem on more than one plane of thought. Every time Oedipus is confronted with a situation he makes a rash decision and assumes, because of his hubris, that he has made the best choice. These decisions, however, contribute to the ultimate fall of Oedipus. I found one helpful course, and that I have taken states Oedipus, displaying his characteristic of looking at a problem and considering only one solution (70-71). Oedipus seems solve problems with rash and close minded solutions. This can be seen when Oedipus, no matter what the consequences, insists on knowing his true origin even after Jocasta pleads him to stop questioning the messenger: For gods love, let us have no more questioning! Is your life nothing to you? (1005-1006). However base my birth, I must know about it. replies Oedipus (1024). Since Oedipus did not stop to consider what might be revealed in his past, he obtained all knowledge and fell from his high pedestal. When Oedipus was living in Corinth with his supposed parents a soothsayer told him that his destiny was to murder his father and marry his mother. Stricken with fear, Oedipus considered only one solution toShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagespermission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, phot ocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products

Physical Fitness Worksheet Free Essays

Associate Level Material Physical Fitness Worksheet Being physically fit is an important aspect of obtaining optimal health. Becoming knowledgeable about what it means to be physically fit may greatly increase your ability to improve your health and wellness. In this worksheet, you identify the five components of health related fitness. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Fitness Worksheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Completing this assignment is a step towards gaining the knowledge needed to better manage your physical fitness. Five Components of Health Related Fitness Table Complete the table below. The first row has been filled in for you as an example. |Components of Physical Fitness |Description |How to Incorporate in Your |Benefit(s) | | | |Life | | |Cardiorespiratory Fitness |Being able to exercise at a |Walk 2 miles at a brisk |Reduced the risk of heart | | |moderate to high intensity for a|pace every day. disease, hypertension, and high | | |long period of time | |cholesterol. | |Muscular Strength | | | | | |is the amount of force that your|Use your muscles regularly |The ability to lift heavier | | |muscles can exert against |such and weight training or|objects or carry things longer. | |resistance |push ups | | | | | | | |Muscular Endurance | | | | | |Is the ability of a muscle or |Participate in sports such |The ability to perform tasks | | |group of muscles to sustain |as hockey or football. |longer, good posture. Fewer | | |repeated contractions against a |Swimming or running helps |injuries, increased metabolism, | | |resistance for an extended |too. | | |period of time | | | | | | | | |Flexibility | | | | | |A person’s flexibility refers to|Practice yoga, stretch |relief from pain | | |the ability of your joints to |regularly |increased energy levels | | |move through a full range of | |increased flexibility | | |motion | |better range of motion of the | | | | |joints | |Body Composition |In physical fitness, body | | | | |composition is used to describe |Regular exercise healthy |Increase in energy, | | |the percentages of fat, bone and|eating |helps to maintain cognitive | | |muscle in human bodies | |function and decrease stress. | | | | | | How to cite Physical Fitness Worksheet, Papers

Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Answer: Introduction The main aim of this study is to prepare a career goal by setting up your LinkedIn profile ready for networking. The assignment firmly focuses on analyzing the brief history of LinkedIn profile including its growth and project growth. Advantages of using LinkedIn profile for the current career stage also discusses with examples. LinkedIn is a social networking service, which is business and employment oriented, and it operates via the website. LinkedIn have more than 467 million accounts and it allows the workers and employee to create profile and contact each other for building a strong professional relationship in social media. The users are able to invite anyone for getting connected and build trust with the service users (Walker, 2014). The main cause of popularity of LinkedIn is the unique strategy and acquisition by Microsoft and integration of LinkedIn with the office product suite and help better integration for the professional workers. Growth and Projected Growth of LinkedIn LinkedIn was founded in 28 December 2002 and launched on May 5, 2003. The growth of the LinkedIn was slow and most of its revenue comes from the selling the information to the recruiters and the sales professionals. LinkedIn faced many legal issues for automatically sending invitation to the email address without any permission. The members of LinkedIn increased and the growth rate is increasing at two new members per second. The projected growth rate is expected and the implementation of the security technology would make it a strong contender in the social media network. External third party application has been added with LinkedIn that helps benefits the site to build a second-degree connection and search more specifically the users connected (Linkedin.com, 2017). The third-party application can also help the user to find job according to the profile and recommend suggestion for new friends regarding the professional career chosen by the user. Different company profiles can be followed by the user for finding vacancy in the company and apply for jobs. The photo of the user can be posted for quick verification or identification of the user. Social greetings and messages can be posted to congratulate other users and see the visitors of the profile page. Advantages of using LinkedIn On consideration of the advantages that associating with experts on LinkedIn brings, understudies can never disregard this long range informal communication stage. Organizing and creating an account on LinkedIn ought to start as ahead of schedule as could reasonably be expected (Russell, 2013). LinkedIn can help the understudy to discover employments when they move on from school. However, college students spend very little time on this professional social networking platform, as compared to the time spent on other popular social networking websites like Facebook, MySpace and Twitter. Some of the advantages of using LinkedIn that a student can get benefit are as follows: Getting email alert regarding the job: A profile of the student is required to be created on the LinkedIn that would help the user to get email notification and alerts for recommended jobs. The created profile should be based on the resume and the choice of industry or job preferred by the student (Crant, 2015). The jobseeker or the student can see notification of the homepage as they log in into the LinkedIn account. Connecting with the professionals who have already created their account: There are large numbers of professionals who have LinkedIn accounts and they can be sent invitation for chatting and get more knowledge about their industry. The co-workers, colleagues and classmates can also be connected from the LinkedIn platform and the email list of the user can also be imported for finding out the LinkedIn users and communicating with them. Conducting research on company: It is the biggest benefit of LinkedIn that the job seeker can search company pages the targeted employers. The student can visit different company pages for conducting a research on the company and prepared himself or herself for the hiring process (Utz, 2016). Researching on the company would help the jobseeker to be in front of the competitive position and increase the chances of employment. Reason of Not Using LinkedIn Many people and business are not using LinkedIn and face trouble in using the site and the reasons are as follows: It is laborious and users find it hard to use: The user interface of LinkedIn is not user-friendly when compared with Facebook. The people who want to publish media and article for promotion of their business page finds it easy to use Facebook, whereas LinkedIn is time consuming and there are lots of hidden things that annoys the user (Huston, 2013). The user needs to filter the content for meaningfully curate the content that he sees. The account is inundated with spams and useless update: There are some users that use LinkedIn unethically for spamming others. The content feed option of LinkedIn is filled with poorly written post and unnecessary connection updates that are not useful for the users. There are lots of promotion content and filler that are posted by the user which is not useful to anyone. The user sometimes unintentionally gets multiple profiles: A close attention is required to be paid when operating the LinkedIn account and lack of attention can cause creation of multiple LinkedIn account (Xia, Guha Muthukrishnan, 2016). If the user has multiple user email id it can be linked with the LinkedIn account and the users finds it difficult to delete the duplicate profile created by mistake. The issues cannot be solved faster as the expectation of the users: There is a long list of complaint for the LinkedIn site but the problem is not solved fast enough. The help desk option of the LinkedIn profile takes more time to respond and the use faced by the user is not solved immediately and it solved there is no guarantee that the answer would make sense. Common Mistakes People Make Developing Their Profile The three common mistakes that the people makes while developing their profile are as follows: Waiting for development of the account unit the person is unemployed: if any person is looking for a job, LinkedIn account can be useful but some people are afraid of creating their profile. The people have the perception that creation of a Linked In account would make the colleagues or co-workers to think that the person is intended to leave the job (Kim, Kim Nam, 2014). But in reality, it takes time to build a good profile and network and the best time to develop the profile is when the person is employed. The person can contact with the existing connections and can send more connection request for building a good profile for searching a new job. Using the right keyword: the recruiter and the hiring manager use the search function of the LinkedIn for finding the most appropriate candidate suited for the company. The keywords must be present on the LinkedIn profile for highlighting the account and list the profile when the hiring company searches using those keywords. Using fake information on the profile: A few people think about whether they can "fudge" certain points of interest on their LinkedIn profile whether it is a past position or degree they never had, an aptitude that they truly don't have, or a reference they never met. With LinkedIn, everything is recorded and associated (Zide, Elman Shahani-Denning, 2014). Selection representatives or contracting directors utilize LinkedIn to contact potential references regardless of the possibility that the client does not give them, to check whether the individual worked at an organization he lists on his profile. If the user lists a skill on the profile, then he might be questioned about the skill. Piece of Advice to Best Leverage LinkedIn Account The three advices provided for the LinkedIn users to best advantage the LinkedIn account are as follows: Addition of a good profile picture: LinkedIn is different from the other social media sites and the only one photo should be posted for the profile picture. It should be noted that Facebook is used for sharing pictures and Linked is used for sharing the professional identity of the user (Wu et al., 2014). The photo posted should be professional looking because an unflattering picture imposes negative effect on the profile and the network activity. Not sending connection request to everyone: The LinkedIn network of the user must be expanded and for this, the user should not send request blindly to anyone who has least interest. If the user tries to send large amount of connection request the account may be suspended or deleted (Agarwal et al., 2014). If the request is sent to an unknown person an introduction should be used that explains the motivation of the connection request. If most of the people chose the option I dont Know this person, then the account of the user may get blocked. Updating the profile at a regular interval of time: Bad impression may be created if the profile is not updated for years or putting no status on the profile. LinkedIn is not designed for updating the profile constantly but it needs to be updated according to the profile of the student. The position of the student is needed to be added and if any working experience is, available it should be added (Quinton Wilson, 2016). If the student has any honorable area or any unique achievement, it can also be added to the LinkedIn profile. The status update function can be used for letting people know about the professional goals and objectives of the student and relevant information must be shared. The activity can be shown by commenting on the status of the people and participating in LinkedIn groups. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is identified that LinkedIn is a commonly used and very much effective social network for the people for career growth. Using LinkedIn profile, people can able to get job alert in their specified field. In addition, people can able to get in touch with the high-profile businessman or people to get advice from them. However, it has been analyzed that for greater career growth, people have to update their resume on regular basis and send connection request to other needed. References Agarwal, D., Ghosh, S., Wei, K. You, S., 2014, August. Budget pacing for targeted online advertisements at LinkedIn. InProceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery data mining(pp. 1613-1619). ACM. Businessinsider.in (2016). LinkedIn's user growth: slow but steady. Retrieved at 25th January, 2017 from: https://www.businessinsider.in/LinkedIns-user-growth-slow-but-steady/articleshow/52735101.cms Crant, J., 2015. Linkedin secrets that showcase your value.Strategic Finance,96(7), p.19. Huston, M., 2013. Get Social: Build Your Career With Facebook? Yes, Really. It may seem like an oxymoron to consider using Facebook as a way to build your career, but an increasing number of professionals are using social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn to create primary learning communities (PLCs). A PLC is a group of people with similar interests or skills working toward a common goal.The ASHA Leader,18(11), pp.online-only. Kim, D., Kim, J.H. Nam, Y., 2014. How does industry use social networking sites? An analysis of corporate dialogic uses of Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn by industry type.Quality Quantity,48(5), pp.2605-2614. Linkedin.com. (2017).Sign Up | LinkedIn. 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