Another Country essays

Another Country essays Setting: Another Country takes place in Harlem, France, Greenwich Village and other locales throughout numerous incidents in this literary work. It is a time during the early 1970s when racism against women and ethnic dissents take place. The most prevailing and leading events take place in Harlem, New York and Paris, France. Plot: Another Country is a novel which focuses on sundry broad topics all through the United States. It speaks of political, sexual, and artistic endeavors within two divergent assemblages of people. It was mainly based upon racial prejudices which were portrayed as a disease of white society. This novel depicted the contrariety among blacks and As one of the main characters concludes that he has no way out of his monotonous life, he commits suicide. Rufus discerns that his yearning for a blissful and ordinary life is not being fulfilled. Therefore, he deserts his friends, family, and lovers, each instilled with a sense of anguish, suffering, and desolation which hinders their lives in some way. In spite of the fact that Rufus motive for taking his life is still obscure, James Baldwin propels the reader to accept that his suicide was not only an effect of his own personal problems, but the predicaments his surroundings faced him with as well. Rufus could no longer live in a world full of malice and repugnance towards an individual on account of After Rufus departure, many peoples lives begin to change. His sister, Ida Scott, feels as if she has been robbed of something which has helped her journey through her uncertainties. Ida then turns to Vivaldo, Rufus best friend, for the love, guidance, and preservation she aches for. Not long after Rufus death, Ida and Vivaldo submerge profoundly in love and anticipate marriage in the future. As for Vivaldo, this unforeseen loss imparts him with strength to go on and behold life in ...

Free sample - Music. translation missing

Music. MusicOutline I. Introduction The term Haram implies â€Å"an act which is prohibited.† II. What are some of the reasons that some Muslims consider music to be Haram? There are a number of reasons which explain why some Muslims consider music to be Haram.    Introduction The term Haram implies â€Å"an act which is prohibited.† This is in accordance with the Islamic religion. The followers of this religion (the Muslims) consider the act of listening to any kind of music for instance, Soul, Religious, or even Rhythm and Blue to be an offense. Also, according to them, Islamic religion prohibits whichever form of singing, and usage of musical gadget(s) during this process. These acts according to this religion are enough reasons for disgusting our hearts. They are also responsible for waning it (the heart) (Miller and Shahriari 10). What are some of the reasons that some Muslims consider music to be Haram? There are a number of reasons which explain why some Muslims consider music to be Haram. One, in the holy book of Islam (the Koran), it is written that â€Å"any person who procures/buys redundant talks with the sole-purpose of giving fellow human being(s) the wrong impression regarding what God has commanded via ridicule shall severely be punished.† Scores of Islamic studies academicians across the globe have interpreted the expression ‘redundant or idle talk’. To them, this expression implies ‘chanting/singing’ (Hamditabligh). Two, in one occasion, Prophet Mohammed said that â€Å"some Muslims deemed a number of societal vices to be legitimate.† These include adultery, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Others are donning of silk regalia and usage of musical gadgets during worship. He further stated that several followers of the religion shall stay out at the foothills of the ton/mountain from sun up to sun down waiting for the arrival of the marshals/shepherds. They shall be compelled to do this so as to pose a number of queries. However, the marshals shall inform them to go back to their respective places of residences, and return to the foothills the following day. Mohammed noted that â€Å"God shall completely destroy these followers throughout the night. Furthermore, he (Allah or God) shall use his superpowers to permit the ton to descend on them thereby destroying them completely (Hamditabligh). Mohammed in addition noted that Allah shall perform miracles and change those followers who will not have been destroyed into certain wild and domestic animals. These include monkeys and pigs. The transformed individuals shall stay in this form till renaissance. Many Muslim leaders and Islamic studies specialists have interpreted these remarks. They have suggested that Mohammed considered usage of musical gadgets to be illegitimate, and therefore no Muslim should attempt to do so. One of the specialists is Ibn Al-Qayyim. He authored a book which is known as ‘Ighathat Al-Lahfan.’ In this book, he argues that â€Å"Mohammed banned these vices, but mankind didn’t heed to this prohibition, and continues to perceive them (the vices) as legitimate† (Hamditabligh). Three, during his lifetime, Prophet Mohammed was asked by one of his follower â€Å"why he had stated that those individuals who worshipped, and offered sacrifices to God including those who believe that he (Mohammed) is Gods’ herald, and those who follow all the other Islamic teachings and laws shall be changed into animals.† The Prophet (Mohammed) answered him that this â€Å"is owing to their utilization of musical gadgets during worship.† Four, it is written in the holy book of Islam that God censured the worship of ‘Kuffar’s’ at a place called ‘Kaa’bah’. This implies that Allah, censured/criticized those Muslims who revered him at this place since they practiced ‘Muka'an’. Furthermore, they practiced ‘Tasdiyah’. In accordance with well known Islamic studies scholars, the term ‘Muka'an’ implies shrilling or whistling. The term ‘Tasdiyah’ on the other hand implies applauding/clapping of hands during singing. Five, it has well been documented by well known Islamic religion experts that the act of listening to any kind of music is a significant contributor to the reinforcement of the Devilish customs, and therefore, qualifies to be Haram. Also, they have argued that there is no single occasion in which the Messenger of God (Mohammed) in his lifetime together with his cohorts assembled so as to sing. In this regard, the academicians conclude that â€Å"no Muslim should partake in any form of singing.† Six, some Muslims argue that this act (of listening to music) over the radio and more has a higher likelihood of making the sentiments/emotions of the listener to turn out to be less zealous once he or she hears Islamic teachings. Scores of the followers of this religion also argue that musical gadgets/instruments belong to the devil.   Due to this reason, any person who pays attention to them (the musical instruments) shall thereafter boogie/dance very much. This person will on a prayer session pray rapidly. He-or she shall in addition pray while sitting as opposed to kneeling (Scott 23). Seven, Islamic religion requires every Muslim to declaim/recite the holy book during worship. However, according to well known academicians, any person who listens to music shall suffer from a number of mental disorders which will not allow him-or her to declaim it in the correct way. This individual will not fancy paying special attention to the holy book. He-or she cannot understand facts written in it (the Koran) during recitation. Secondly, the scholars have argued that the music listener cannot have any palate/flavor for it. Therefore, this person shan’t have adoration for the Koran. As a result, he or she will not derive gratification while studying it (the holy book). Eight, according to some Muslims, it is well written in the book of Ayah (Chapter forty three (43), and verse thirty six) that â€Å"any Muslim who commits sin will be made the Devils’ comrade by God.† Owing to the fact that most Muslims consider music to be Haram, then any person who listens to it shall be made the Devils’ comrade (Hamditabligh). Nine, some Imams have argued that the devil utilizes a number of tactics so as to ensnare those Muslims whose faith in Allah (God) is extremely low. Among them (the tactics) are clapping of hands during singing, and whistling.   These persons usually fail to follow Islamic teachings to the later owing to two main attributes. One of them is the lack of acumen. The second one is inadequate seriousness. Due to these attributes, most of these persons utilize musical gadgets. Also, they listen to music which is considered to be Haram. According to them, such persons engage in sinful acts. Moreover, they refuse to comply with laws that have been set out by our creator (Allah). These Imams have reiterated that the act of listening to music is similar to engaging in irresponsible sexual behaviors. These include incest, lesbianism, and sodomy. Others are infidelity and bestiality. Ten, some Imams have stated that Music is similar to Allah’s enemy (the devil). Also, they regard music to be a contributor of sour relationship between a person who listens to it, and our creator (Allah). They have squabbled/argued that Allah’s enemy has made those individuals whose allegiance to Allah is low to fall in love with chanting-or singing. He has also furnished them with misleading facts as a result of which they (music listeners) end up utilizing them as proof for the pleasure derived during singing. To them, all music listeners shall with time start following Allah’s enemy teachings. Due to this, they will cease reading the Koran so as to concentrate on these teachings (Devil’s teachings). They have squabbled that those people who have reached this stage normally rest in a cool place or inside the house, switch on the radio or the television, and permit their souls to pay attention to music. As a consequence, the devil in the form of music will make their souls to be extremely excited. Furthermore, he will make them to boogie/dance similar to a prostitute, or a male homosexual. Eleven, some of them have suggested that the act of listening to music makes the listener to appear as if he-or she has consumed an alcoholic beverage. This makes the listener’s soul to be split into debris. Also, it makes him-or her to craft an assortment of jokes regarding the Islamic religion. Music is also believed to be palatable to them as compared to the Islamic teachings. Muslims believe that if an individual listens to these teachings as opposed to music, then he or she shall not be punished by Allah. Twelve, Islamic religion considers music to be Allah’s enemy holy book. Most Imams across the globe have constantly reiterated that all those individuals who pay special attention to music do vend the good things offered to them by God to his enemy.   It is similar to a trader who buys a product at a certain price, and sells it at a loss. Therefore, it is needless for a person to listen to music or sing since he or she is likely to encounter immense losses. However, a person will derive the greatest delight when he or she recites the Koran (Miller and Shahriari 24). Thirteen, there is a Muslim Sheikh who was requested to make a comment regarding music. His name is Abdulaziz Bin Baz. The Muslim cleric argued that he only listens to music to derive gratification from it. As far as wedding ceremonies are concerned, Abdulaziz clarified that singers should only make use of Tambourine during singing. He stressed that this instrument should specifically be played by female adults. Fourteen, some Muslims argue it is a type of a game meant only to create fun. Due to this reason, they squabble that it does not contribute to the sacred growth of the listener and, thus inconsequential. Finally, some Muslims have stated that a lonesome person who is listening to any kind of music turns out to be more lonesome. On the other hand, a millionaire or a billionaire will feel extremely elated when listening to music. This means that the act of listening to music escalates the sadness in a sad individual. It also makes a glad person happier (Islam Newsroom).

Internet Privacy and Consumer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internet Privacy and Consumer - Essay Example Apart from this, with the growth of online technology, companies can now monitor every move of a consumer once the consumer is on the website. Though internet privacy is a major concern to many consumers today, data collection is considered a benefit by online companies. Many consumers are concerned that their personal information is accessed and monitored by different companies. According a poll released by the Consumer Reports National Research Center, 72 percent are concerned that their online behaviors were being tracked and profiled by companies, while 82 percent of consumers are concerned about their credit card numbers being stolen online. A vast majority of consumer want to have control over what information is being monitored by Internet companies and want to have more control on their private information. of information is being monitored. Many companies argue that using data-monitoring and data tracking software is useful in building better products for the consumers. "The definition of the Internet as fully public rather than semiprivate is an important distinction to make since legal opinion tends to be built on the reasonable expectations that individuals have about how their information will be handled" (Cronin 4). Internet privacy is a big concern these days though consumers have had issues with privacy long bef

Addressing Passive Smoking in Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Addressing Passive Smoking in Children - Essay Example According to the article, PS exposure in children is one of the contributing factors for morbidity and mortality. The article is also associated majority of the disabilities in children with lower respiratory infections that are caused by PS exposure. The health effects of PS in children included a high risk of respiratory infections, asthma as well as wheezing. According to the article, PS exposure in children is very high in Dutch, and it mainly takes place at homes. The statistics provided by the authors of the article showed that children below the age of 4 are the main victims of PS exposure (Hutchinson, Kuijilaars, Mesters, Muris, Schayk, Dompeling, & Feron, 2014). The aim of Hutchinson and his colleagues writing this article was to assess the practices of three Dutch health professions concerning parental counseling for PS in children. They used electronic questionnaires in conducting their cross-sectional study. The samples for the study that constituted of 720 physicians were selected from three Dutch health professions located in Limburg, the Netherlands. This was achieved by inviting the physicians’ representatives to complete self-administered electronic questionnaires that had questions on their gender, work experience, and personal smoking habits (Hutchinson et al., 2014). Other issues that were addressed in the questionnaires included their counseling practices as well as education about PS in children.

Why I Prefer to Marry Late Essay Example for Free

Why I Prefer to Marry Late Essay For me, marriage is a promise. A promise that we give, without wanting to receive the equivalent reward. Hence, we must have enough ability to maintain this relationship. The salient characteristic of many traditional marriage systems is that women, seem to have little independence, because of education and income. In South Asia, brides are even taken to groom`s family as soon they move into property. In this case, marrying late can provide us opportunities to fulfill and pursue our achievement in education, and therefore have a better social status and income to be financially independent. In addition to be financially independent, this also give us a chance to satisfy ourselves, in accomplishing our goals in lives. And psychologists say that the want for independent success is the main reason why people are marrying at a later time. Besides, marrying late also provides an opportunity to get to know your future companion better. We may often see in the news that many young people get married on impulse, which is, they don’t really get to know each other more. As George Bernard Shaw said, â€Å"Beauty is all very well at first sight; but who ever looks at it when it has been in the house three days?† When two people first met, and they had a crush on each other. In order to show the best of themselves, they tend to hide their drawbacks . However, this lead to a serious problem that they didn’t get to â€Å"know† more about the mate. And as time went by, the drawbacks emerge and they have contradiction in their personality. That`s when young couple decide to get divorced. Nevertheless, marriage is a promise for me, so I`d rather take time to choose the one I love and appreciate his virtue as well as imperfection, rather than presume the one we first met an object to marriage. Because It`s not a game that could be quit when we later on feel tired or bored ,especially when there are children of us. After all, the main function of marriage in most traditional societies is to bring up children. Moreover, because marriage is a promise for me. So I`d choose to marry late so that I could enjoy a free time doing whatever I want, going wherever I like, dating whomever I appreciate without having to care about my husband`s feelings. That`s the time I could broaden my horizons and meet many people  from the opposite sex without a burden. According to the China Daily: â€Å"There`s nothing wrong with a man or woman who is not married by 30. IT`s not about being disrespectful to parents or to social traditions. It`s certainly not a sure sign of pending poor health or psychological problems. â€Å" And according to an article in Helium written by Dawn Hawkins, â€Å"getting married when you are younger doesn`t allow you to grow as a single person quite enough sometimes, there are many things that you learn about yourself such as who you want to be and where you want to go in life as you get older. The older you are , the more chance you have of knowing exactly who you are.† Marriage implies an enormous responsibility, that why marrying late offers the best advantage. And marrying late provide us time to have emotional maturity, that is very crucial in dealing the rigour of married life later. So if you are beyond 36 and still complaining bitterly why a potential mate is yet to notice you, please think it twice. There are many advantages a single life can provide rather than taking a plunge for a wrong reason. Moreover, getting married late means that we could have more tools and resources and not to mention a stable emotion state to back on if the situation would not set well.

Violent Video Games Affect on Youth Today Essay -- essays research pap

In the more recent times it seems as if America’s youth is becoming more violent. Concern for those aspects in our society which influence violent acts has become an issue since the tragedy at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999. Many feel one aspect of today’s society affecting our nation’s youth in a negative manner is video games. Is this form of entertainment really a factor in teen violence? I think not. We should blame the parents for teen violence, not video games.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Holts article, â€Å"Kinds of Discipline† states that the youth watch very carefully what people around them are doing and want to do the same. The example of these grownups is contagious (490). Now days the media makes it seem like it’s alright for the youth to be watching these violent movies and playing these violent video games as long as they have their parents permission.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For some reason, though, video games are approached differently. Joshua Quittner, author of â€Å"Are Video Games Really so Bad?† states the idea of one’s child controlling an electronic character whose main objective is to steal cars and kill police officers is socially dangerous. Studies have shown that kids do not actually have illusions of doing these things (52). Kids do know that killing is bad. We all have morals implanted genetically; they just need to be strengthened through parental guidance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Royal Van horn showed in his 1999 article, â€Å"Violence and Video Games,† a large stance on the issue is not one of influencing kids actions. David Grossman, a retired Lieutenant Colonel for the U.S. Army and former professor of psychology at West Point believes it is the desensitization parents should be concerned with. It is not in human nature to kill one another and for this reason soldiers must be trained to shoot on instinct (173). In fact, only one-fifth of all American soldiers in WWII never fired their rifle (Quittner 52). For that reason, simulators similar to video games such as Doom and Quake have been used to train soldiers how to kill without thinking. This may be true, but the simulators used show real soldiers in enemy uniforms, and users are told to take a single head shot at all enemies in the room. Games like Quake and Doom however similar require numerous shots to kill an enemy and do not distinguish between wher... ...g up playing these types of Video games, I have come to realize how much it makes me pay attention to the little details, and work things out quicker.. These types of games can be very helpful for the future generations to use as a learning tool. I believe it is a benefit to our society if we have a generation of youths that are quick problem solvers and have increased hand-eye coordination in this computer based age we are living in now. children sense around them this culture, this network of agreements, customs, habits, and rules binding adults together. They want to understand it and be a part of it (Holt, 490). In conclusion, stop blaming the video games and do something about it. Set a good example for your kids. Works Cited Cesarone, Bernard. â€Å"Video Games and Children.† Emergency Librarian. 22.3: 31-32 Schroeder, Ken. â€Å"Halving Fun.† Education Digest. 63.1: 73-74 Van Horn, Royal. â€Å"Violence and Video Games.† Phi Delta Kappa. 81.2: 173-174 Enders, Deborah. â€Å"Video Violence: Where does the Buck Stop.† Amusement Business. 107.22 (March 20, 1995): 27-28 Quittner, Joshua, and Maryanne Murray Buechner. â€Å"Are Video Games Really so Bad?† Time South Pacific 19. (May 10, 1999): 50-55 Violent Video Games Affect on Youth Today Essay -- essays research pap In the more recent times it seems as if America’s youth is becoming more violent. Concern for those aspects in our society which influence violent acts has become an issue since the tragedy at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999. Many feel one aspect of today’s society affecting our nation’s youth in a negative manner is video games. Is this form of entertainment really a factor in teen violence? I think not. We should blame the parents for teen violence, not video games.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Holts article, â€Å"Kinds of Discipline† states that the youth watch very carefully what people around them are doing and want to do the same. The example of these grownups is contagious (490). Now days the media makes it seem like it’s alright for the youth to be watching these violent movies and playing these violent video games as long as they have their parents permission.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For some reason, though, video games are approached differently. Joshua Quittner, author of â€Å"Are Video Games Really so Bad?† states the idea of one’s child controlling an electronic character whose main objective is to steal cars and kill police officers is socially dangerous. Studies have shown that kids do not actually have illusions of doing these things (52). Kids do know that killing is bad. We all have morals implanted genetically; they just need to be strengthened through parental guidance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Royal Van horn showed in his 1999 article, â€Å"Violence and Video Games,† a large stance on the issue is not one of influencing kids actions. David Grossman, a retired Lieutenant Colonel for the U.S. Army and former professor of psychology at West Point believes it is the desensitization parents should be concerned with. It is not in human nature to kill one another and for this reason soldiers must be trained to shoot on instinct (173). In fact, only one-fifth of all American soldiers in WWII never fired their rifle (Quittner 52). For that reason, simulators similar to video games such as Doom and Quake have been used to train soldiers how to kill without thinking. This may be true, but the simulators used show real soldiers in enemy uniforms, and users are told to take a single head shot at all enemies in the room. Games like Quake and Doom however similar require numerous shots to kill an enemy and do not distinguish between wher... ...g up playing these types of Video games, I have come to realize how much it makes me pay attention to the little details, and work things out quicker.. These types of games can be very helpful for the future generations to use as a learning tool. I believe it is a benefit to our society if we have a generation of youths that are quick problem solvers and have increased hand-eye coordination in this computer based age we are living in now. children sense around them this culture, this network of agreements, customs, habits, and rules binding adults together. They want to understand it and be a part of it (Holt, 490). In conclusion, stop blaming the video games and do something about it. Set a good example for your kids. Works Cited Cesarone, Bernard. â€Å"Video Games and Children.† Emergency Librarian. 22.3: 31-32 Schroeder, Ken. â€Å"Halving Fun.† Education Digest. 63.1: 73-74 Van Horn, Royal. â€Å"Violence and Video Games.† Phi Delta Kappa. 81.2: 173-174 Enders, Deborah. â€Å"Video Violence: Where does the Buck Stop.† Amusement Business. 107.22 (March 20, 1995): 27-28 Quittner, Joshua, and Maryanne Murray Buechner. â€Å"Are Video Games Really so Bad?† Time South Pacific 19. (May 10, 1999): 50-55

Community Development

Community Development Planning Lecture 1: Understanding the key concepts of Community, Community Development & Economic Development Course Learning Outcomes †¢ Explain the key concepts of social infrastructure in spatial planning †¢ Analyze social infrastructure issues in spatial planning †¢ Identify the various challenges of social infrastructure in spatial planning practices Community †¢ Various definitions: ? People who live within a geographically defined area and who have social and psychological ties with each other and with the place where they live (Mattessich and Monsey, 2004) ?A grouping of people who live close to one another and are united by common interests and mutual aids (National Research Council 1975) †¢ These definitions refer to people and the ties that bind them, then only to geographic locations †¢ It means, without people and the connections/ties, community will be only a collections of buildings and streets. †¢ However commun ity does not necessarily means â€Å"living physically close to one another†.It also refers to social connections at other than living place such as workplace, sports centre, clubs or groups, or political affiliations. †¢ Community can also be created through special interest or conditions such as disability, gender, belief †¢ In this era of social media (such as FB, Twitter) madness, communities can be created on virtual platform. Community Development (CD) †¢ Community Development is defined and described as.. – the process of developing stronger communities of people and the social and psychological ties they share. The educational process to enable citizens to address problems by group decision-making – Involvement in a process to achieve improvement in some aspect of community life – All these processes will result in an outcome which is the improvement of community capital. Community Capital Human Capital †¢ Labour supply, skills , experience, capabilities Physical Capital †¢ Buildings, streets, infrastructure Financial Capital †¢ Community financial institutions, micro loan funds, community development banksEnvironmental Capital †¢ Natural resources, weather, recreational opportunities Social Capital Social Capital †¢ Social Capital refers to the ability of residents to organize and mobilize their resources for the accomplishment of consensual defined goals †¢ It refers to the extent to which members of a community can work together effectively to develop and sustain strong relationships, solve problems and make group decisions, and collaborate effectively to achieve common goalsSocial Capital †¢ Some scholars make distinction between bonding capital and bridging capital †¢ Bonding capital refers to ties within homogenous groups (e. g. races, gender, people with the same economic background) †¢ Bridging capital refers to ties among different groups Community developme nt chains Capacity building process Developing the ability to act Social capital Ability to act Community development outcome Taking action Community improvement Development ready communityEconomic development †¢ Community development and economic development is highly sinergistic. †¢ Community development – a planned effort to produce assets that increase the capacity of residents to improve their quality of life. The assets include: physical, human, social, financial, environmental †¢ Economic development – the process of creating wealth through the mobilization of human, financial, capital, physical and natural resources to generate marketable goods and services. The definitions are clearly parallel : community development is to produce and improve assets, economic development is to mobilize these assets which will bring greater benefits for the community ie. more goods, services, jobs etc. †¢ Both types of development are highly dependable on ea ch other as most businesses will look for development-ready communities that are equipped with strong and established communities, good infrastructure, abundant supply of labour, safety, telecommunication etc.Community and economic development chains Community development outcome Taking action Community improvement Development ready community Economic development outcome Job creation Increased income and wealth Increased standard of living Capacity building process Developing the ability to act Social capital Ability to act Economic development process Creating and maintaining ED programs Mobilizing resources The end Community Development Community Development Planning Lecture 1: Understanding the key concepts of Community, Community Development & Economic Development Course Learning Outcomes †¢ Explain the key concepts of social infrastructure in spatial planning †¢ Analyze social infrastructure issues in spatial planning †¢ Identify the various challenges of social infrastructure in spatial planning practices Community †¢ Various definitions: ? People who live within a geographically defined area and who have social and psychological ties with each other and with the place where they live (Mattessich and Monsey, 2004) ?A grouping of people who live close to one another and are united by common interests and mutual aids (National Research Council 1975) †¢ These definitions refer to people and the ties that bind them, then only to geographic locations †¢ It means, without people and the connections/ties, community will be only a collections of buildings and streets. †¢ However commun ity does not necessarily means â€Å"living physically close to one another†.It also refers to social connections at other than living place such as workplace, sports centre, clubs or groups, or political affiliations. †¢ Community can also be created through special interest or conditions such as disability, gender, belief †¢ In this era of social media (such as FB, Twitter) madness, communities can be created on virtual platform. Community Development (CD) †¢ Community Development is defined and described as.. – the process of developing stronger communities of people and the social and psychological ties they share. The educational process to enable citizens to address problems by group decision-making – Involvement in a process to achieve improvement in some aspect of community life – All these processes will result in an outcome which is the improvement of community capital. Community Capital Human Capital †¢ Labour supply, skills , experience, capabilities Physical Capital †¢ Buildings, streets, infrastructure Financial Capital †¢ Community financial institutions, micro loan funds, community development banksEnvironmental Capital †¢ Natural resources, weather, recreational opportunities Social Capital Social Capital †¢ Social Capital refers to the ability of residents to organize and mobilize their resources for the accomplishment of consensual defined goals †¢ It refers to the extent to which members of a community can work together effectively to develop and sustain strong relationships, solve problems and make group decisions, and collaborate effectively to achieve common goalsSocial Capital †¢ Some scholars make distinction between bonding capital and bridging capital †¢ Bonding capital refers to ties within homogenous groups (e. g. races, gender, people with the same economic background) †¢ Bridging capital refers to ties among different groups Community developme nt chains Capacity building process Developing the ability to act Social capital Ability to act Community development outcome Taking action Community improvement Development ready communityEconomic development †¢ Community development and economic development is highly sinergistic. †¢ Community development – a planned effort to produce assets that increase the capacity of residents to improve their quality of life. The assets include: physical, human, social, financial, environmental †¢ Economic development – the process of creating wealth through the mobilization of human, financial, capital, physical and natural resources to generate marketable goods and services. The definitions are clearly parallel : community development is to produce and improve assets, economic development is to mobilize these assets which will bring greater benefits for the community ie. more goods, services, jobs etc. †¢ Both types of development are highly dependable on ea ch other as most businesses will look for development-ready communities that are equipped with strong and established communities, good infrastructure, abundant supply of labour, safety, telecommunication etc.Community and economic development chains Community development outcome Taking action Community improvement Development ready community Economic development outcome Job creation Increased income and wealth Increased standard of living Capacity building process Developing the ability to act Social capital Ability to act Economic development process Creating and maintaining ED programs Mobilizing resources The end

Challenge ineffective practice in the promotion of the safeguarding Essay

1. Disseminate knowledge based on good practice 2. To involve service users , carers, practitioners , care providers and policy makers in the promoting good practice 3. Enhance the skills and professionalism in social care workers through tailored, targeted and user friendly resources. Before challenge can be made we will need to identify who is at risk of abuse? The vulnerable adult in this context is at risk of abuse ; people with learning disability; older people ; family members and carers. Identifying risks in services. Risk factors associated with abuse can help to point the way for appropriate prevention strategies. For example Institutional abuse has the following factors as indicators: Exogenous-Staff rate and ratio, bed supply. Institutional Environment-Organisation that stifles staff and prevent criticism. Patient Characteristics-very frail, challenging behaviours  staff Characteristics- Stress, negative attitude to work, low esteem and low educational attainment neutralisation of moral concerns leading to residents being seen as objects rather than human beings. Lack of policy awareness. To challenge these abuse we need 1 public awareness 2 Awareness of domestic violence 3 Awareness strategies of other types abuse such as financial abuse 4 Information awareness and advocacy 5 Training and education through development programmes 6 Awareness of the organisation policy and procedures 7 Community links 8 awareness of regulations and legislation 9 Multi- disciplinary and agency collaboration. 10 Empowerment and choice 11 balancing the idea of choice and risk involvement based on decision taken by the service users and carers.

Absurdity Of Catch-22 Through Comedy Essays - Fiction, Literature

Absurdity Of Catch-22 Through Comedy Essays - Fiction, Literature Absurdity Of Catch-22 Through Comedy ABSURDITY OF CATCH-22 THROUGH COMEDY The novel, Catch-22, is a comedy about soldiers during World War II. However, this comic scenes and phrases are quite tragic when they are thought about, as most things related to war are, which makes this comedy completely absurd. The best way to represent this idea is through the characters in the book, specifically, Yossarian, Huple, and Natelys whores kid sister and the events that occur with their thoughts and their actions. Clearly, the main character and one whose life is chiefly described, is Yossarian. Yossarian has a slightly sick sense of humor and way of looking at things. In the first chapter, Heller tells us that letters sent by the soldiers had to be reviewed in order to prevent any secret information going out to the public, or, even worse, to the enemy. Yossarian, from lack of anything better to do, censors all the letters. Sometimes he crosses out everything but a, an and the, sometimes adjectives, whatever he feels like that day. For his final gag he signs these letters as Washington Irving to totally confuse the readers of these letters. This is funny, however it is ultimately tragic. These are the letters that every wife, mother and daughter runs to the mailbox for in order to see that their husbands, fathers and sons are all right. This is a letter that could say: Honey, Im coming home, or I love you. When I come home I want to marry you. These letters could change the whole lifestyle of so many people and Yossarian alone is tampering with them. The absurdity of that is immense. A gag of slightly higher consequence occurred in Chapter 12, when Yossarian decided to move the bomb line over Bologna. What I believe is the most ridiculous in the whole process was his reason for doing it. Everyone did not want to go on this mission to capture Bologna. They prayed the rain would never go away, or that the bomb line would mysteriously move, anything just mot to go on this mission. Clevinger, in disbelief at the stupidity of these men, tells Yossarian: They really believe that we wouldnt have to fly that mission tomorrow if someone would only tiptoe up to the map in the middle of the night and move the bomb line over Bologna. Can you imagine? So Yossarian figures Why not?. As hysterical of a joke as this may be, an important city that was taken by the enemy had to be bombed, and now everybody thinks that it was captured already. This joke could have and may have lead to the deaths of innocent people, which is yet not only absurd but is also catastrophic. Two character that, for me, expressed the highest, but the most true absurdity in life are Huple and Natelys whores kid sister. These two characters have one thing in common. They both want to be adults too fast. Huple is only fifteen, and lied about his age to get into the army. The kid sister is twelve years old, but wants to be just like her older sister and seduce men. However the absurdity of this is not at all that they want to become older, because everyone at that age does. The absurdity is that the things they want to do as adults are the things that most adults resent most about being adults. The last thing most men want to do is to be drafted, and the last thing that most women want to do is to become a prostitute in order to support themselves. It is clear that Joseph Heller does not write in a certain pattern visible in the works of other writers. he has his own unique way of expressing the absurdity of the universe in a comic way. This style, in my mind, is very commendable because he makes us laugh, yet understand the meaning and maybe even seriousness of the idea he is trying to get across. The alternative would be to write a tragic novel about men at war which really would not grab the readers attention as comedies do and as this book did.

The 5 Parts of Gaul

The 5 Parts of Gaul According to Julius  Caesar, ​Gaul was divided into three parts. Borders changed and not all ancient writers on the topic of Gaul are consistent, but it is probably more accurate for us to say all Gaul was divided into five parts, and Caesar knew them. Gaul was mostly north of the Italian Alps, the Pyrenees, and the Mediterranean Sea. To the east of Gaul lived Germanic tribes. To the west was what is now the English Channel (La Manche) and the Atlantic Ocean. Julius Ceasar and the Gauls When in the mid-first century B.C., Julius Caesar starts his book on the wars between Rome and the Gauls, he writes about these relatively unknown peoples: Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.All Gaul is divided into three parts, in one of which the Belgae live, in another, the Aquitaines, and in the third, the Celts (in their own language), [but] called the Galli [Gauls] in ours [Latin]. These three Gauls were in addition to the two Rome already knew very well. Cisalpine Gaul The Gauls on the Italian side of the Alps (Cisalpine Gaul) or Gallia Citerior Nearer Gaul lay north of the Rubicon River. The name Cisalpine Gaul was in use until around the time of Caesars assassination. It was also known as Gallia Togata because there were so many toga-clad Romans living there. Part of the area of Cisalpine Gaul was known as Transpadine Gaul because it lay north of the Padus (Po) river. The area was also referred to simply as Gallia, but that was before extensive Roman contact with the Gauls north of the Alps. According to the ancient historian, Livy (who hailed from Cisalpine Gaul), over-population-driven migration into the Italic peninsula came early on in Roman history, at the time Rome was ruled by its first Etruscan king, Tarquinius Priscus. Led by Bellovesus, the Gallic tribe of Insubres defeated the Etruscans in the plains around the Po River and settled in the area of modern Milan. There were other waves of martial Gauls- Cenomani, Libui, Salui, Boii, Lingones, and Senones. Senones Defeats the Romans In around 390 B.C., Senones- living in what was later called the ager Gallicus (Gallic field) strip along the Adriatic, led by Brennus- defeated the Romans at the banks of the Allia  before capturing the city of Rome and besieging the Capitol. They were persuaded to leave with a hefty payment of gold. About a century later, Rome defeated the Gauls and their Italian allies, the Samnites, as well as Etruscans and Umbrians, on Gallic territory. In 283, the Romans defeated the Galli Senones and established their first Gallic colony (Sena). In 269, they set up another colony, Ariminum. It wasnt until 223 that the Romans crossed the Po to battle successfully against the Gallic Insubres. In 218, Rome established two new Gallic colonies: Placentia to the south of the Po, and Cremona. It was these disaffected Italian Gauls that Hannibal hoped would help with his efforts to defeat Rome. Transalpine Gaul The second area of Gaul was the area beyond the Alps. This was known as Transalpine Gaul or Gallia Ulterior Further Gaul and Gallia Comata Long-haired Gaul. Ulterior Gaul sometimes refers specifically to the Provincia the Province, which is the southern section and is sometimes called Gallia Braccata for the trousers worn by inhabitants. Later it was called Gallia Narbonensis. Transalpine Gaul lay along the northern side of the alps across the Mediterranean coastline to the Pyrenees. Transalpine Gaul features the major cities of Vienna (Isà ¨re), Lyon, Arles, Marseilles, and Narbonne. It was important for Roman interests in Hispania (Spain and Portugal) because it allowed land access to the Iberian peninsula. The Many  Gauls When Caesar describes Gaul in his commentaries on the Gallic Wars, he starts by stating that all Gaul is divided into three parts. These three parts are beyond the area from which Provincia the Province was created. Caesar lists Aquitaines, Belgians, and Celts. Caesar had gone into Gaul as proconsul of Cisalpine Gaul, but then acquired Transalpine Gaul, and then went further, into the three Gauls, ostensibly to help out the Aedui, an allied Gallic tribe, but by the Battle of Alesia at the end of the Gallic Wars (52 B.C.) he had conquered all of Gaul for Rome. Under Augustus, the area was known as Tres Galliae the Three Gauls. These areas were developed into provinces of the Roman Empire, with slightly different names. Instead of the Celtae, the third was Lugdunensis- Lugdunum being the Latin name for Lyon. The other two areas kept the name Caesar had applied to them, Aquitani and Belgae, but with different borders. Alpine Regions: Alpes MaritimaeRegnum CottiiAlpes GraiaeVallis Poenina Gaul Proper: NarbonensisAquitaniaLugdunensisBelgicaGermania inferiorGermania superior Sources Gallia Cisalpina  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography  (1854) William Smith, LLD, Ed.The Beginnings of Rome, by T.J. Cornell (1995).Keatika: Being Prolegomena to a Study of the Dialects of Ancient GaulJoshua Whatmough   Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 55, (1944), pp. 1-85.

Benchmark Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Benchmark Assessment - Essay Example She has not expressed any concerns with these issues for this year. On the part of the teacher, this was negligence of duty since it should be her duty to supervise fully the work of all the students and not only a section of the class. Paulson may face interdiction as she ignored the rule of ethical behavior while on duty. She has completely ignored her duty of supervision and allowed the students to have access to pornographic photos that is completely acceptable both in the schools and even lawfully in the society. Though she knew it was difficult to manage and supervise the class, she did not express any concerns with these issues for this year meaning this was a total neglect of duty on her part. However, Ms. Paulson has a right to fair trial before the disciplinary committee since even the principal was aware of the difficult situation Paulson was passing through as he had dropped in on two separate occasions and observed her working with individual students while the rest of the class was left largely unsupervised Instructional leadership is a very important factor that the principals should consider facilitating, improve and even promote the academic performance of their students. As an instructional leader most principals have failed to evaluate and assess effectively most of the students at risk situations, they also fail to show focus on how to exhibit expectations or in displaying the instructional commands (Daniel, Sornette & Woehrmann, 2009). For the schools where the students at risk are making academic gains, principals do for the teachers what effective teachers do for their student and constantly monitor the progress of their teachers and their students. This litany of characteristics has been identified through most of the research on the school performance, improvements and even on the instructional leaders